Despite the epoch changing nature of Russia’s war and the second Trump presidency, Europeans do not yet appear ready for more European Union (EU) defence integration. The European Commission has designed a credible package of defence industrial initiatives, detailed its White Paper, but some schemes risk reinforcing the very structural risks the Commission seeks to avoid. The forthcoming negotiations for the European Defence Industrial Programme (EDIP) will be a genuine test of whether the Union can craft a well-financed, durable and equitable EDTIB.

CSDS Policy Brief

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