Publications

  • Defence in Detail

    Defence in Detail

    Abstract The following pages bring together data on defence spending from three different sources: the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Data for 2016 from the EDA were not available at time of publication. IISS and SIPRI figures dis- played below are available for… Read more

  • The CARD on the EU Defence Table

    The CARD on the EU Defence Table

    In the 14 November 2016 Council conclusions, member states recognised that there was a need to ‘deepen defence cooperation and ensure more optimal use, including coherence, of defence spending plans’. Although the European Defence Agency (EDA) has been working towards these objectives since 2004, a more ‘structured way to deliver identified capabilities based on greater… Read more

  • Patriotism, Preferences and Serendipity: Understanding the Adoption of the Defence Transfers Directive

    Patriotism, Preferences and Serendipity: Understanding the Adoption of the Defence Transfers Directive

    The 2009 adoption of the EU directive on intra-Community transfers of defence equipment (‘ICT directive’) (2009/43/EC) aims to harmonize defence transfer licencing in the EU. The directive is part of a ‘defence package’ – along with a directive on defence procurement (2009/81/EC) – that is geared to liberalizing and regulating the European Defence Equipment Market… Read more

  • European Defence: The Year Ahead

    European Defence: The Year Ahead

    After several months of intense work, the European Union ended 2016 having agreed to a number of fresh initiatives designed to articulate (and act on) a new level of ambition for security and defence. Under the overall direction laid down by the EU Global Strategy (EUGS), a specific plan on security and defence (SDIP) was… Read more

  • Understanding EU Foreign Policy: Theory

    Understanding EU Foreign Policy: Theory

    The institutional context in which the European Union conducts its external action – starting with the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) – is complex, sometimes unclear, and highly fragmented.  Moreover, the large number of players and formats for shaping, making and implementing decisions hardly facilitates a… Read more

  • The EU, NATO and the European Defence Market: Do Institutional Responses to Defence Globalisation Matter?

    The EU, NATO and the European Defence Market: Do Institutional Responses to Defence Globalisation Matter?

    The European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) are both institutions through which European states can engage in European defence–industrial cooperation. Each organisation embodies a unique set of institutional tools through which to manage issues such as the high and rising costs of defence procurement, technological innovation, defence R&D, standardisation, multinational capability programmes… Read more