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Beyond the Summit: Navigating the Future of NATO and European Defence
The Hague NATO Summit on 25 June 2025 will possibly go down in history as the moment when Europeans were put on serious notice by the United States that Washington was no longer going to subsidise European security. As a long-standing objective of the Trump administration, European allies were cajoled into accepting increased defence spending… Read more
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Decarbonising Defence: Reconciling the Green Agenda with the Reindustrialisation of Europe’s Defence Sector
This commentary explores the intersection between Europe’s reindustrialisation of its defence sector and the European Union’s (EU) decarbonisation agenda. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has accelerated efforts to strengthen Europe’s defence technological and industrial base (EDTIB), yet this rearmament drive occurs alongside legally binding climate neutrality targets. The commentary examines whether these objectives are in tension… Read more
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Ties That Truly Bind? The Potential for Defence Industrial Cooperation between South Korea, NATO and the European Union
Europe and South Korea are increasingly aligned in their pursuit of stronger defence industrial resilience amid intensifying geopolitical competition and technological disruption. Both actors recognise that defence production is now as much about economic sovereignty and technological leadership as it is about security. Europe and South Korea stand to benefit from closer cooperation that diversifies… Read more
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The Price of Plenty: Industrial Overcapacities, China and European Defence
Despite the European Union’s (EU) steps in recent months to boost defence investment, the sector faces structural challenges, not least due to global industrial overcapacities. Large financial investments are being made in the European defence sector, but the EU must now address the structural issues that inhibit the growth of the European defence industrial base.… Read more
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The Three Images of EU Strategic Autonomy: Perspectives on Wedging, Binding and Hedging
This article considers concepts of European Union Strategic Autonomy in light of the growing scholarly literature on wedging and binding. The article presents three ideal types of strategic autonomy as the images of ‘responsibility’, ‘hedging’ and ‘independence’. It assesses each of these images against the wedging and binding strategies of the United States and China.… Read more
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Return on Investment? Understanding the Rationales for Increased Military Expenditure in Europe
As an academic discipline, defence economics leans towards the conclusion that military expenditure does not contribute to economic growth, and, to the extent that it does, it is in limited areas. Ultimately, governments cannot justify defence expenditure based solely on potential economic returns, as military and strategic justifications are just as – if not more… Read more
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Daniel Fiott 