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Integrated Arsenals? Mapping Defence Industrial Relations Between Europe and Ukraine
Since Russia’s war on Ukraine, defence industrial cooperation between the European Union and Ukraine has been put high on the agenda. In addition to the armament deliveries being made to Kyiv, there is now the ambition to integrate Ukraine within the EU and the European Defence Technological and Industrial Base. To this end, governments and firms have engaged in interesting forms of industrial cooperation such as joint ventures and co-production. The task of this paper is to assess the extent and nature of this defence industrial cooperation. It conducts a mapping exercise of 21 EU member states to size up the extent of cooperation, and to analyse the political and industrial objectives of this cooperation. The paper assesses the types of technology being developed, but it also highlights some of the political and industrial challenges that hinder deeper cooperation.
IRIS Institute / ARES Group
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Manufacturing Defence: Europe, the Republic of Korea and Defence Industrial Cooperation
South Korea has emerged as a major supplier to European militaries, and this has helped with Europe’s imminent need for military rejuvenation. Given the quality of South Korean defence equipment and supplies, Seoul is viewed with credibility in the defence sector and this bodes well for future cooperation. There remain challenges to closer and long-term cooperation between Europe and South Korea, including the adjustment of European manufacturers and technology controls.
By Yang Uk and Daniel Fiott
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Wait and See? The Dynamics of Europe’s Evolving Approach to the Sahel
13/2024
Having faced a series of coup d’états in recent years, the Sahel region is marked by instability and it raises fundamental security questions for Europe. In a context where European governments are responding to Russia’s war on Ukraine, and where crisis management is viewed with less salience, the Sahel remains a dynamic region that requires continued European strategic and political attention. Not only does the Sahel region continue to produce political dynamics and effects that directly implicate European security interests, but it is a region that is increasingly entangled with global strategic competition. This CSDS In-Depth Paper outlines some of the core security dynamics at play in the Sahel and how they impact Europe. It provides four brief scenarios, followed by policy recommendations, to assist with thinking about possible courses of action in the Sahel in the coming years.
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L’Union européenne de la défense: Commentaire article par article
L’Union européenne de la défense, qui se construit depuis quelques années dans un contexte sécuritaire préoccupant, dépend du droit de l’Union, c’est-à dire tant des règles fixées par les États membres dans les traités que de celles adoptées par les institutions européennes. En effet, l’Union européenne de la défense ne se limite plus à la très intergouvernementale politique de sécurité et de défense commune (PSDC). Elle l’englobe et la dépasse, pour s’étendre au domaine dit « communautaire » ou « supranational » dont la défense a pourtant longtemps été exclue.
Parce qu’elle transcende la distinction entre les sphères supranationale et intergouvernementale, l’Union européenne de la défense devait être appréhendée non seulement sous l’angle du Traité sur l’Union européenne (TUE) qui régit la PSDC, mais également sous l’angle du Traité sur le fonctionnement de l’Union européenne (TFUE) et du Traité instituant la Communauté européenne de l’énergie atomique (TCEEA, dit traité Euratom), auxquels est respectivement dédiée chacune des trois parties de cet ouvrage. Les commentaires portent sur les dispositions de ces traités et sur les divers actes dérivés qui trouvent à s’appliquer en matière de défense, façonnant ainsi les contours de l’Union européenne de la défense.
Alors que les questions sécuritaires redeviennent une préoccupation majeure des citoyens européens comme de leurs gouvernants et que se pose la question – existentielle pour l’Europe – de l’émergence d’une véritable défense commune, l’ouvrage s’adresse aux praticiens, aux décideurs politiques (nationaux et européens), aux experts en matière de défense et aux universitaires (étudiants, doctorants et enseignants-chercheurs) qui trouveront là une approche inédite de la défense européenne par le droit.
Lire mon chapitre sur Article 173 TFUE: https://www.larcier-intersentia.com/fr/l-union-europeenne-defense-9782802772774.html#product.info.tab.summary
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The European Defence Commissioner is Here
By introducing a defence commissioner, Ursula von der Leyen’s second European Commission makes clear that Europe’s security is an urgent priority. Defence industrial policy will, by necessity, be a key focus.
IP Quarterly, 2024
Image credit: All rights reserved
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© John Thys/Pool via REUTERS
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Keep it Moving: From Mobility to Logistics in European Defence
The European Union (EU) has been developing military mobility, but so far with mixed results. It is time to rethink these efforts by investing more generally in military logistics. With the forthcoming “Niinistö Report” and defence White Paper, there is an opportunity to develop the EU’s defence preparedness and make a wider contribution to European defence. Working with NATO where possible, the EU could develop an integrated approach to military logistics that includes transport, depots, mobile camps, air and missile defence and more.
CSDS Policy Brief 26/2024
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Towards Ambition and Consistency in European Defence Investments
Following the results of the European elections, Ursula von der Leyen delivered a statement at the European Parliament on 18 July 2024 to support her second mandate as European Commission President. Outlining her vision for the future, the President stated that Europe “can choose to invest in the security and defence of its own continent“. As part of this vision, the President went on to state that Europe’s investments in defence were still too low, ineffective and fragmented. To this end, the ambition for Europe must be to create a genuine single market in defence and to invest in more high-end defence capabilities. Ever since Russia’s war on Ukraine, these have been obvious components of a revitalised European defence, but the months and years ahead will be a genuine test of how far the EU is committed to protecting European citizens and defending Europe.
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Security of Supply: How Can the EU Help Ensure Defence Preparedness?
Given the geopolitical outlook for Europe, security of supply is a necessary element of enhancing the European Defence Technological and Industrial Base (EDTIB) and ensuring industrial readiness and strategic autonomy. The European Commission has proposed a security of supply regime, not least to overcome market fragmentation. A key challenge will be overcoming the voluntary nature of past security of supply initiatives and managing EU member state interests. Security of supply in the EU can be achieved through the creation of a genuine Single Market in defence, more effective contracting, stockpiling, investment screening and defence partnerships.
CSDS Policy Brief
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A Partner of Choice? Spain’s Performance in the European Defence Fund in 2023
Real Instituto Elcano
Since 2021 there have been three calls of proposals under the European Defence Fund (EDF). The 2023 results publicly released by the European Commission in May 2024 reveal that Spain continues to perform well as to the Fund. This can be seen in the way Spain is involved in the majority of projects and how it is playing the role of coordinator in several important defence research and development projects. For this successful role, Spain relies on a diversified defence ecosystem made up of firms, specialised colleges and research institutes. The country relies on a several large defence firms to ensure efficient project management, and it is increasing its collaborative role in key military domains such as defence innovation, air combat, information superiority, ground combat and more. Thus, the 2023 EDF call results ring a positive note for Spain’s continued role in developing the European Defence Technological and Industrial Base.
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Strategic Domains: Developing the EU’s Capabilities and Enablers for a Free and Secure Global Order
Future Europe – European Liberal Forum
The deteriorating global security order is calling into question old certainties about how freely and securely Europe can access and use global commons such as the seas, air and space. The rise of authoritarian and revisionist powers will only make it more challenging for the European Union (EU) to play a global security role and ensure its security and defence. The risks and threats emerging in the maritime, space and air domains mean that the EU needs to invest in its defence capabilities and technologies. More than this, and while working with close partners, the EU needs to enhance its surveillance and intelligence capacities in the strategic domains. This Policy Paper shows how and why strategic domains are vital to European security, and, with a view to ensuring security in space, on the seas and in the air, it shares a number of policy recommendations for further EU action.
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Daniel Fiott 